1 Month Anniversary Quotes Biography
Source(google.com.pk)
The women who both attracted and frightened him and an Italy dominated in his youth by Mussolini and Pope Pius XII - inspired the dreams that Fellini started recording in notebooks in the 1960s. Life and dreams were raw material for his films. His native Rimini and characters like Saraghina (the devil herself said the priests who ran his school) - and the Gambettola farmhouse of his paternal grandmother would be remembered in several films. His traveling salesman father Urbano Fellini showed up in La Dolce Vita (1960) and 8½ (1963). His mother Ida Barbiani was from Rome and accompanied him there in 1939. He enrolled in the University of Rome. Intrigued by the image of reporters in American films, he tried out the real life role of journalist and caught the attention of several editors with his caricatures and cartoons and then started submitting articles. Several articles were recycled into a radio series about newlyweds "Cico and Pallina". Pallina was played by acting student Giulietta Masina, who became his real life wife from October 30, 1943, until his death half a century later. The young Fellini loved vaudeville and was befriended in 1940 by leading comedian Aldo Fabrizi. Roberto Rossellini wanted Fabrizi to play Don Pietro in Rome, Open City (1945) and made the contact through Fellini. Fellini worked on that film's script and is on the credits for Rosselini's Paisan (1946). On that film he wandered into the editing room, started observing how Italian films were made (a lot like the old silent films with an emphasis on visual effects, dialogue dubbed in later). Fellini in his mid-20s had found his life's work.
IMDb Mini Biography By: Dale O'Connor
Spouse
Giulietta Masina (30 October 1943 - 31 October 1993) (his death) 1 child
Trade Mark
Bizarre, abstract plots peppered with risque humor
Frequently cast Marcello Mastroianni and Giulietta Masina
Score by Nino Rota
Includes dream like imagery and nostalgia
Trivia
Inspired the word "Felliniesque"
One of his first writing jobs was the Italian language script for the Flash Gordon comic strip.
He was a big fan of Stan Lee and Marvel Comics (publishers of superhero comics like Spiderman and the Hulk).
In 1966 he abandoned his planned film project "The Journey of G. Mastorna". In 1990 the storyline for the film was later adapted into a graphic novel entitled "Trip to Tulum: From a Script for a Film Idea", illustrated by Milo Manara.
He was the inspiration and his voice was sampled for the album "Fellini Days" (released in 2001) by former Marillion singer Fish.
The term "paparazzi" comes from a character named Paparazzo in his film, La Dolce Vita (1960), who is a journalist photographing celebrities.
Died on the same day as actor River Phoenix.
He had a bombastic, short-tempered personality when shooting films, a personality he made no attempt to hide when cameras were on him.
Was voted the 10th Greatest Director of all time by Entertainment Weekly.
Biography in: John Wakeman, editor. "World Film Directors, Volume Two, 1945-1985". Pages 330-341. New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1988.
His movies La Strada (1954), Nights of Cabiria (1957), 8½ (1963) and Amarcord (1973) were Oscar-nominated for "Best Foreign Language Film". All 4 movies won.
The main character, Guido Contini, in the Maury Yeston musical "Nine" is inspired by Fellini.
Was an admirer of director Ken Russell's work.
The Broadway musical "Sweet Charity" was inspired by Fellini's Oscar-winning film, Nights of Cabiria (1957).
Is buried in the same bronze tomb as his wife Giulietta Masina and their son Pier Federico, located at the main entrance to the Cemetery of Rimini.
His hometown Rimini named the Federico Fellini International Airport in his honor.
Many of his movies such as 8½ (1963) or Fellini Satyricon (1969) are influenced by the work of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung and his ideas on the "anima" and the "animus", the role of archetypes and the collective unconscious.
His son Pier Federico was born on 22 March 1945, but died just one month later.
Born to Urbano Fellini (1894-1956), a salesman and wholesale vendor, and his wife Ida Barbiani (1896-1984), he had two younger siblings, Riccardo (1921-1991) and Maria Maddalena (1929-2002).
Died the day after his 50th wedding anniversary.
Dino De Laurentiis originally hoped that Fellini would direct Flash Gordon (1980).
A great admirer of Georges Simenon's novels. They shared a letter friendship for many years.
Profiled in "Conversations with Directors: An Anthology of Interviews from Literature/Film Quarterly", E.M. Walker, D.T. Johnson, eds. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2008.
Has been described as a major influence by, among others, Ingmar Bergman, Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, Bernardo Bertolucci and Rainer Werner Fassbinder.
In the 5th edition of 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die (edited by Steven Jay Schneider), 7 of Fellini's films are listed: La Strada (1954), Nights of Cabiria (1957), La Dolce Vita (1960), 8½ (1963), Juliet of the Spirits (1965), Fellini Satyricon (1969) and Amarcord (1973).
Denied his film Amarcord (1973) is autobiographical, but agreed that there are similarities with his own childhood.
Like his fellow World Cinema masters, Ingmar Bergman (who started in live theater) and Akira Kurosawa (who started in the Japanese art world) he came to cinema via circumvention after working as a journalist.
Personal Quotes
There is no end. There is no beginning. There is only the infinite passion of life.
My work is my only relationship to everything.
You exist only in what you do.
In the myth of the cinema, Oscar is the supreme prize.
In the mythology of the cinema, the Oscar is the supreme prize.
Our dreams are our real life. My fantasies and obsessions are not only my reality, but the stuff of which my films are made.
You have to live spherically--in many directions. To accept yourself for what you are without inhibitions, to be open.
Put yourself into life and never lose your openness, your childish enthusiasm throughout the journey that is life, and things will come your way.
It's easier to be faithful to a restaurant than it is to a woman.
All art is autobiographical. The pearl is the oyster's autobiography.
Cinema is an old whore, like circus and variety, who knows how to give many kinds of pleasure. Besides, you can't teach old fleas new dogs.
Censorship is advertising paid by the government.
It's absolutely impossible to improvise. Making a movie is a mathematical operation. It is like sending a missile to the moon. It isn't improvised. It is too defined to be called improvisational, too mechanical. Art is a scientific operation, so I can say that what we usually call improvisation is in my case just having an ear and eye for things that sometimes occur during the time we are making the picture.
I always direct the same film. I can't distinguish one from another.
Happiness is simply a temporary condition that proceeds unhappiness. Fortunately for us, it works the other way around as well. But it's all a part of the carnival, isn't it.
[on Akira Kurosawa] I think he is the greatest example of all that an author of the cinema should be. I feel a fraternal affinity with his way of telling a story.
We don't really know who woman is. She remains in that precise place within man where darkness begins. Talking about women means talking about the darkest part of ourselves, the undeveloped part, the true mystery within. In the beginning, I believe man was complete and androgynous-both male and female, or neither, like angels. Then came the division, and Eve was taken from him. So the problem for man is to reunite himself with the other half of his being, to find the woman who is right for him-right be she is simply a projection, a mirror of himself. A man can't become whole or free until he has set woman free-his woman. It's his responsibility, not hers. He can't be complete, truly alive until he makes her his sexual companion, and not a slave of libidinous acts or a saint with a halo.
I'm just a storyteller, and the cinema happens to be my medium. I like it because it recreates life in movement, enlarges it, enhances it, distills it. For me, it's far closer to the miraculous creation of life than, say, a painting or music or even literature. It's not just an art form; it's actually a new form of life, with its own rhythms, cadences, perspectives and transparencies. It's my way of telling a story.
Anyone who lives, as I do, in a world of imagination must make an enormous and unnatural effect to be factual in the ordinary sense. I confess I would be a terrible witness in court because of this--and a terrible journalist. I feel compelled to a story the way I see it and this is seldom the way it happened, in all its documentary detail.
No doubt there's a connection between pathology and creation, we can't deny it. Yet I view with pleasure the work of film professionals I love, such as Bunuel, Kurosawa, Kubrick, Bergman.
With the death of Sergei Parajanov cinema lost one of its magicians. (July, 1990)
[on Akira Kurosawa] Kurosawa is the greatest living example of what an author of the cinema should be.
Talking about dreams is like talking about movies, since the cinema uses the language of dreams; years can pass in a second and you can hop from one place to another. It's a language made of image. And in the real cinema, every object and every light means something as in a dream.
The visionary is the only true realist.
Even if I set out to make a film about a fillet of sole, it would be about me.
1891
On May 12th, 1891, at age 19, Wilhelm Kahl, Frida's father, a Jew of Hungarian-German origin, sails from Germany to Mexico aboard the freighter "Borussia". He changes his German name "Wilhelm Kahl" to a more Spanish sounding name, "Guillermo Kahlo" and trades his Jewish religion for atheism.
He finds employment at a fashionable jewelry store in Mexico City that is owned by German immigrant friends.
Guillermo Kahlo marries Maria Cardena. [He has three girls with her, the second one dies days after her birth and Maria herself dies following the birth of their third infant, leaving Guillermo alone with his two daughters, Maria Luisa (b. 1894) and Margarita (b.1898).]
On the very night of Maria's death, Guillermo asked for the hand of Frida's mother, Matilde Calderon, a coworker at the jewelry store.
1898
Guillermo Kahlo marries Frida's mother, Matilde Calderon y Gonzales, a native born Mexican of Spanish/Indian descent.
[Matilde later confesses to Frida that she did not love Guillermo. She only married Guillermo because he was German and reminded her of a previous young lover who had killed himself. Guillermo's two young daughters from his previous marriage are sent away to be brought up in a convent. Guillermo learns the art of photography from Matilde's father, Antonio Calderón, and sets himself up in business as a professional photographer.]
1907
On a rainy morning, July 6th, at 8:30 am, Magdalena Carmen Frieda Calderon is born in the "Blue House" in Coyoacán, Mexico. She is the 3rd of four daughters born to the couple: Matilde (1898-1951), Adriana (1902-1968), Frida (1907-1954) and Cristina (1908-1964).
Frida's grandmother officially registers Frida's birth at the Civil Registry Office listing her address as the place of birth and not the "Blue House".
Frida's mother is too ill to care for or even to feed her newborn daughter. Frida is breastfed by an Indian wet-nurse whom the Kahlo's hired for that specific purpose.
1913
At age 6, Frida is struck with polio affecting the use of her right leg. Her leg grew very thin, and her foot was stunted in its growth. During her nine month convalescence, her father made sure that she regularly exercised the muscles in her leg and foot. Despite their efforts, her leg and foot remained deformed. Frida attempts to hide it by wearing pants, long skirts or two pairs of sock on her right foot.
(Note: Frida's medical records are very vague so it's uncertain as to whether Frida was actually afflicted with polio or a similar condition called "white tumor".)
Frida attends classes at a German elementary school, "Colegio Aleman" in Mexico City. She is cruelly nicknamed "peg-leg Frida" by her classmates.
1922
Frida commutes to Mexico City to begin classes at the National Preparatory School. Frida is one of only 35 girls to attend the prestigious school with hopes of becoming a doctor. At this point in her life she has no interest in pursuing a career as an artist.
The Mexican mural movement begins. The government sponsors murals to be painted in churches, schools, libraries, and public buildings. Frida first learns of Diego Rivera, who is painting his mural "Creation" at the school's lecture hall.
Frida becomes a member of the "Los Cachuchas", a political group that supported socialist-nationalist ideas and devoted themselves intensively to literature. Alejandro Gómez Arias, who later becomes Frida's boyfriend, is the leader of the group.
Frida changes the spelling of her name from the German "Frieda" to "Frida" and proudly claims to have been born in 1910, the year the Mexican Revolution began. [Actucally she changed her birth date simply to make herself younger. This causes confusion in the chronology of her life and art.]
On November 30th, Frida's poem "Recuerdo [Memory]" is published by "El Universal Ilustrado".
1923
Frida and Alejandro become romantically involved.
1924
Frida begins helping her father in his photography studio. He teaches her how to use a camera and how to develop, retouch and color photographs. This experience will prove to be useful in the years to come.
1925
Frida is hired as a paid apprentice to the commercial printmaker Fernando Fernandez, a close friend of her father's. Fernando teaches her how to draw and how to copy prints by the Swedish Impressionist Anders Zorn.
On September 17, Frida and her boyfriend, Alejandro Gomez Arias, get onto a bus to head home from school. Shortly afterwards, the bus is stuck broadside by a tram. Frida sustains multiple injuries, a broken pelvic bone, spinal column, and other severe injuries, leading doctors to doubt whether she would survive. She spends the next several months in bed recovering from the accident.
1926
While in recovery, Frida learns that she will never be able to have children. She creates a birth certificate for an imaginary son that she gave birth to after suffering her accident. She writes that her son, "Leonardo", was born in September of 1925 at the Red Cross Hospital [where Frida was treated after the accident]. She claims that he was baptized the following year and that his mother was Frida Kahlo and his Godparents were Isabel Campos and Alejandro Gómez Arias. (View birth certificate)
During her months of convalescence from the bus accident she begins to take painting seriously. She experiments first with watercolors and then oil.
In September Frida paints "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Dress", her first serious work and the first of many self-portraits to come. She paints it as a gift for her boyfriend, Alejandro Gómez Arias, who has left her suspecting she had been unfaithful prior to the accident. Frida hopes the painting will win him back.
1927
In March, Alejandro departs for an extended tour of Europe. Frida and Alejandro communicate frequently by letter.
By the end of the year, Frida's health has recovered to the extent that she is once more living a largely "normal" life. She resumes contact with her old school friends and joins the Young Communist League.
Frida paints several portraits of friends and family.
1928
Frida is introduced to a group of young people centered around the Cuban Communist Julio Antonio Mella, who is currently in exile in Mexico. One of the group members is the photographer Tina Modotti, Mella's lover and an acquaintance of Diego Rivera.
Through Modotti Frida meets Diego Rivera and she later shows him some of her paintings. She asks him what he thinks of her art and whether he considers her talented. Diego tells her: "you have talent" and strengthens her resolve to pursue a career as an artist. Diego begins to court Frida.
Frida's romantic relationship with Alejandro ends. She immediately turns her attention towards Diego Rivera.
Diego incorporates a portrait of Frida into his "Ballad of the Revolution" mural in the Ministry of Public Education. She appears in a panel he calls "Frida Kahlo Distributes the Arms". Dressed in a black skirt and red shirt, and wearing a red star on her breast, she is shown as a member of the Mexican Communist Party, which she in fact joins in 1928.
1929
On August 21, in a civil ceremony in the town hall of Coyoacán, Kahlo becomes Rivera's third wife. Diego was 42 years old, 6'1" tall, and 300 pounds; Frida was 22, 5'3" tall and only 98 pounds. Frida's mother does not approve of the union saying that Diego is too old and too fat and worse yet he is a Communist and an atheist. Frida's father is less resistant to the marriage. He understands that Diego has the financial means to provide for his daughter's medical needs. Frida's friends are shocked by her choice while others see it as a way for Frida to advance her own career as an artist.
Frida becomes pregnant but has to terminate the pregnancy after three months.
Rivera is expelled from the Communist Party after accepting a commission from the Mexican government. As a result of Diego's expulsion, Frida also leaves the Communist Party.
In December, the Rivera's move to Cuernavaca, where Rivera has a commission to paint murals for the American ambassador, Dwight W. Morrow, at the Palace of Cortes.
Frida paints her second self-portrait, "Time Flies", in which she establishes the "folkloric" style that becomes her signature trademark style.
1930
In the beginning of the year, Frida undergoes an abortion because the fetus is incorrectly positioned due to her fractured pelvis. [Diego did not want children partly because painting commissions obliged them to travel a great deal.]
On November 10th, Frida and Diego arrive in San Francisco where Diego has been commissioned to paint murals in the Luncheon Club of the San Francisco Stock Exchange and the California School of Fine Arts [now the San Francisco Art Institute].
Frida meets photographers Imogen Cunningham, Ansel Adams and Edward Weston; art patron Albert Bender, sculptor Ralph Stackpole, and the painter Arnold Blanch and his wife Lucile.
While Diego paints his murals, Frida paints "Frieda and Diego Rivera", a double portrait based on a wedding photograph.
1931
From November 1930 to June 1931, the Rivera's live in San Francisco while Diego works on a mural. During this period, the pain and deformity in Frida's right leg worsens and she is hospitalized. There she meets Dr. Leo Eloesser, a well-known bone surgeon. Dr. Eloesser has been a friend of Diego's since 1926. He becomes Frida's most trusted medical advisor for the rest of her life.
Frida's painting "Frieda and Diego Rivera" is shown at the "Sixth Annual Exhibition of the San Francisco Society of Women Artists" - the first public showing of her work.
In May Frida returns to Mexico leaving Diego behind to finish the murals. He returns June 8th as they had originally planned.
Back in Mexico, Frida meets the Hungarian born photographer Nickolas Muray who is vacationing in Mexico. They engage in a secret "on-again/off-again" love affair that would last for nearly 10 years.
In November, Kahlo and Rivera sail to New York for Diego's retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art on December 22.
1932
In March, the Rivera's move to Philadelphia. In April the couple move to Detroit where Rivera has been awarded another commission from the Ford Motor Company to paint a mural at the Detroit Institute of Arts.
On July 4th , Frida's second pregnancy ends in miscarriage at Henry Ford Hospital. She spends the next 13 days recovering in the hospital.
In early September, Frida and Lucienne Bloch travel back to Mexico, where Frida's mother is ill. On September 15, Frida's mother dies at the age of 56. She suffered from breast cancer and two days earlier had undergone gall-bladder surgery to remove 160 gallstones. Kahlo and Bloch return to Detroit in October.
Architect Juan O'Gorman starts construction on the Rivera's new home in the San Angel district of Mexico City.
1933
In March, the couple returns to New York where Rivera agrees to paint a mural in the RCA Building in Rockefeller Center.
On May 9th, Rivera's Rockefeller Center commission is rescinded because of his use of Lenin's portrait in the mural. Rivera refuses to remove Lenin's portrait and the mural is destroyed. Four days later, General Motors cancels Rivera's Chicago World's Fair commission.
In June, Rivera accepts a mural commission for the New Worker's School in New York.
On December 20, Frida and Diego return to Mexico. Upon their return they move into the double studio-houses in San Angel designed for them by Juan O'Gorman.
1934
Due to "infantilism of the ovaries", Frida's third pregnancy is again in trouble. Frida undergoes an appendectomy, an abortion, and an operation on her right foot to remove the ends of her toes.
Kahlo and Rivera live in the adjoining studio-houses in San Angel. During the summer, the couple separate after Frida discovers that Diego is having an affair with her younger sister Cristina.
1935
Frida leaves the house in San Angel for several months and takes her own apartment in central Mexico City (Avenida Insurgentes 432). In July, she travels to New York with Anita Brenner and Mary Schapiro. By the end of the year she returns to the house in San Angel and she and Diego reconcile. They agree to live separate independent lives.
Frida meets the Japanese/American sculptor Isamu Noguchi and has an affair with him.
1936
Frida has a third operation on her right foot.
In July, the Spanish Civil War breaks out. Frida and Diego work on behalf of the Spanish Republicans, raising money for Mexicans fighting against Franco's forces. In September, Rivera joins the Mexican section of the Trotskyite International Communist League.
For the next two years, Diego is plagued with eye, liver and kidney problems, which require hospitalization and extended bed rest.
1937
On January 9th, Leon Trotsky and his wife, Natalia Sedova, arrive in Mexico, where he has been granted political asylum, largely through Rivera's intervention. Frida gives them the use of the Blue House in Coyoacán. Shortly after their arrival, Frida and Trotsky become close and engage in a secret relationship. The affair ends in July.
On September 23rd, four of Frida's paintings are included in a group exhibition at the Galeria de Arte at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The first public showing of Frida's work in Mexico.
1938
In April, French poet and surrealist André Breton and his wife, the painter Jacqueline Lamba, visit Mexico in order to meet Trotsky. They stay with Guadalupe Marin, Diego Rivera's previous wife, and meet the Kahlo-Riveras. When Breton sees Kahlo's unfinished "What the Water Gave Me", the metaphorical self-portrait of what life had given her - floating on the water of her bathtub - he immediately labels her an innate "surrealist", and offers to show her work in Paris.
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Source(google.com.pk)
The women who both attracted and frightened him and an Italy dominated in his youth by Mussolini and Pope Pius XII - inspired the dreams that Fellini started recording in notebooks in the 1960s. Life and dreams were raw material for his films. His native Rimini and characters like Saraghina (the devil herself said the priests who ran his school) - and the Gambettola farmhouse of his paternal grandmother would be remembered in several films. His traveling salesman father Urbano Fellini showed up in La Dolce Vita (1960) and 8½ (1963). His mother Ida Barbiani was from Rome and accompanied him there in 1939. He enrolled in the University of Rome. Intrigued by the image of reporters in American films, he tried out the real life role of journalist and caught the attention of several editors with his caricatures and cartoons and then started submitting articles. Several articles were recycled into a radio series about newlyweds "Cico and Pallina". Pallina was played by acting student Giulietta Masina, who became his real life wife from October 30, 1943, until his death half a century later. The young Fellini loved vaudeville and was befriended in 1940 by leading comedian Aldo Fabrizi. Roberto Rossellini wanted Fabrizi to play Don Pietro in Rome, Open City (1945) and made the contact through Fellini. Fellini worked on that film's script and is on the credits for Rosselini's Paisan (1946). On that film he wandered into the editing room, started observing how Italian films were made (a lot like the old silent films with an emphasis on visual effects, dialogue dubbed in later). Fellini in his mid-20s had found his life's work.
IMDb Mini Biography By: Dale O'Connor
Spouse
Giulietta Masina (30 October 1943 - 31 October 1993) (his death) 1 child
Trade Mark
Bizarre, abstract plots peppered with risque humor
Frequently cast Marcello Mastroianni and Giulietta Masina
Score by Nino Rota
Includes dream like imagery and nostalgia
Trivia
Inspired the word "Felliniesque"
One of his first writing jobs was the Italian language script for the Flash Gordon comic strip.
He was a big fan of Stan Lee and Marvel Comics (publishers of superhero comics like Spiderman and the Hulk).
In 1966 he abandoned his planned film project "The Journey of G. Mastorna". In 1990 the storyline for the film was later adapted into a graphic novel entitled "Trip to Tulum: From a Script for a Film Idea", illustrated by Milo Manara.
He was the inspiration and his voice was sampled for the album "Fellini Days" (released in 2001) by former Marillion singer Fish.
The term "paparazzi" comes from a character named Paparazzo in his film, La Dolce Vita (1960), who is a journalist photographing celebrities.
Died on the same day as actor River Phoenix.
He had a bombastic, short-tempered personality when shooting films, a personality he made no attempt to hide when cameras were on him.
Was voted the 10th Greatest Director of all time by Entertainment Weekly.
Biography in: John Wakeman, editor. "World Film Directors, Volume Two, 1945-1985". Pages 330-341. New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1988.
His movies La Strada (1954), Nights of Cabiria (1957), 8½ (1963) and Amarcord (1973) were Oscar-nominated for "Best Foreign Language Film". All 4 movies won.
The main character, Guido Contini, in the Maury Yeston musical "Nine" is inspired by Fellini.
Was an admirer of director Ken Russell's work.
The Broadway musical "Sweet Charity" was inspired by Fellini's Oscar-winning film, Nights of Cabiria (1957).
Is buried in the same bronze tomb as his wife Giulietta Masina and their son Pier Federico, located at the main entrance to the Cemetery of Rimini.
His hometown Rimini named the Federico Fellini International Airport in his honor.
Many of his movies such as 8½ (1963) or Fellini Satyricon (1969) are influenced by the work of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung and his ideas on the "anima" and the "animus", the role of archetypes and the collective unconscious.
His son Pier Federico was born on 22 March 1945, but died just one month later.
Born to Urbano Fellini (1894-1956), a salesman and wholesale vendor, and his wife Ida Barbiani (1896-1984), he had two younger siblings, Riccardo (1921-1991) and Maria Maddalena (1929-2002).
Died the day after his 50th wedding anniversary.
Dino De Laurentiis originally hoped that Fellini would direct Flash Gordon (1980).
A great admirer of Georges Simenon's novels. They shared a letter friendship for many years.
Profiled in "Conversations with Directors: An Anthology of Interviews from Literature/Film Quarterly", E.M. Walker, D.T. Johnson, eds. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2008.
Has been described as a major influence by, among others, Ingmar Bergman, Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, Bernardo Bertolucci and Rainer Werner Fassbinder.
In the 5th edition of 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die (edited by Steven Jay Schneider), 7 of Fellini's films are listed: La Strada (1954), Nights of Cabiria (1957), La Dolce Vita (1960), 8½ (1963), Juliet of the Spirits (1965), Fellini Satyricon (1969) and Amarcord (1973).
Denied his film Amarcord (1973) is autobiographical, but agreed that there are similarities with his own childhood.
Like his fellow World Cinema masters, Ingmar Bergman (who started in live theater) and Akira Kurosawa (who started in the Japanese art world) he came to cinema via circumvention after working as a journalist.
Personal Quotes
There is no end. There is no beginning. There is only the infinite passion of life.
My work is my only relationship to everything.
You exist only in what you do.
In the myth of the cinema, Oscar is the supreme prize.
In the mythology of the cinema, the Oscar is the supreme prize.
Our dreams are our real life. My fantasies and obsessions are not only my reality, but the stuff of which my films are made.
You have to live spherically--in many directions. To accept yourself for what you are without inhibitions, to be open.
Put yourself into life and never lose your openness, your childish enthusiasm throughout the journey that is life, and things will come your way.
It's easier to be faithful to a restaurant than it is to a woman.
All art is autobiographical. The pearl is the oyster's autobiography.
Cinema is an old whore, like circus and variety, who knows how to give many kinds of pleasure. Besides, you can't teach old fleas new dogs.
Censorship is advertising paid by the government.
It's absolutely impossible to improvise. Making a movie is a mathematical operation. It is like sending a missile to the moon. It isn't improvised. It is too defined to be called improvisational, too mechanical. Art is a scientific operation, so I can say that what we usually call improvisation is in my case just having an ear and eye for things that sometimes occur during the time we are making the picture.
I always direct the same film. I can't distinguish one from another.
Happiness is simply a temporary condition that proceeds unhappiness. Fortunately for us, it works the other way around as well. But it's all a part of the carnival, isn't it.
[on Akira Kurosawa] I think he is the greatest example of all that an author of the cinema should be. I feel a fraternal affinity with his way of telling a story.
We don't really know who woman is. She remains in that precise place within man where darkness begins. Talking about women means talking about the darkest part of ourselves, the undeveloped part, the true mystery within. In the beginning, I believe man was complete and androgynous-both male and female, or neither, like angels. Then came the division, and Eve was taken from him. So the problem for man is to reunite himself with the other half of his being, to find the woman who is right for him-right be she is simply a projection, a mirror of himself. A man can't become whole or free until he has set woman free-his woman. It's his responsibility, not hers. He can't be complete, truly alive until he makes her his sexual companion, and not a slave of libidinous acts or a saint with a halo.
I'm just a storyteller, and the cinema happens to be my medium. I like it because it recreates life in movement, enlarges it, enhances it, distills it. For me, it's far closer to the miraculous creation of life than, say, a painting or music or even literature. It's not just an art form; it's actually a new form of life, with its own rhythms, cadences, perspectives and transparencies. It's my way of telling a story.
Anyone who lives, as I do, in a world of imagination must make an enormous and unnatural effect to be factual in the ordinary sense. I confess I would be a terrible witness in court because of this--and a terrible journalist. I feel compelled to a story the way I see it and this is seldom the way it happened, in all its documentary detail.
No doubt there's a connection between pathology and creation, we can't deny it. Yet I view with pleasure the work of film professionals I love, such as Bunuel, Kurosawa, Kubrick, Bergman.
With the death of Sergei Parajanov cinema lost one of its magicians. (July, 1990)
[on Akira Kurosawa] Kurosawa is the greatest living example of what an author of the cinema should be.
Talking about dreams is like talking about movies, since the cinema uses the language of dreams; years can pass in a second and you can hop from one place to another. It's a language made of image. And in the real cinema, every object and every light means something as in a dream.
The visionary is the only true realist.
Even if I set out to make a film about a fillet of sole, it would be about me.
1891
On May 12th, 1891, at age 19, Wilhelm Kahl, Frida's father, a Jew of Hungarian-German origin, sails from Germany to Mexico aboard the freighter "Borussia". He changes his German name "Wilhelm Kahl" to a more Spanish sounding name, "Guillermo Kahlo" and trades his Jewish religion for atheism.
He finds employment at a fashionable jewelry store in Mexico City that is owned by German immigrant friends.
Guillermo Kahlo marries Maria Cardena. [He has three girls with her, the second one dies days after her birth and Maria herself dies following the birth of their third infant, leaving Guillermo alone with his two daughters, Maria Luisa (b. 1894) and Margarita (b.1898).]
On the very night of Maria's death, Guillermo asked for the hand of Frida's mother, Matilde Calderon, a coworker at the jewelry store.
1898
Guillermo Kahlo marries Frida's mother, Matilde Calderon y Gonzales, a native born Mexican of Spanish/Indian descent.
[Matilde later confesses to Frida that she did not love Guillermo. She only married Guillermo because he was German and reminded her of a previous young lover who had killed himself. Guillermo's two young daughters from his previous marriage are sent away to be brought up in a convent. Guillermo learns the art of photography from Matilde's father, Antonio Calderón, and sets himself up in business as a professional photographer.]
1907
On a rainy morning, July 6th, at 8:30 am, Magdalena Carmen Frieda Calderon is born in the "Blue House" in Coyoacán, Mexico. She is the 3rd of four daughters born to the couple: Matilde (1898-1951), Adriana (1902-1968), Frida (1907-1954) and Cristina (1908-1964).
Frida's grandmother officially registers Frida's birth at the Civil Registry Office listing her address as the place of birth and not the "Blue House".
Frida's mother is too ill to care for or even to feed her newborn daughter. Frida is breastfed by an Indian wet-nurse whom the Kahlo's hired for that specific purpose.
1913
At age 6, Frida is struck with polio affecting the use of her right leg. Her leg grew very thin, and her foot was stunted in its growth. During her nine month convalescence, her father made sure that she regularly exercised the muscles in her leg and foot. Despite their efforts, her leg and foot remained deformed. Frida attempts to hide it by wearing pants, long skirts or two pairs of sock on her right foot.
(Note: Frida's medical records are very vague so it's uncertain as to whether Frida was actually afflicted with polio or a similar condition called "white tumor".)
Frida attends classes at a German elementary school, "Colegio Aleman" in Mexico City. She is cruelly nicknamed "peg-leg Frida" by her classmates.
1922
Frida commutes to Mexico City to begin classes at the National Preparatory School. Frida is one of only 35 girls to attend the prestigious school with hopes of becoming a doctor. At this point in her life she has no interest in pursuing a career as an artist.
The Mexican mural movement begins. The government sponsors murals to be painted in churches, schools, libraries, and public buildings. Frida first learns of Diego Rivera, who is painting his mural "Creation" at the school's lecture hall.
Frida becomes a member of the "Los Cachuchas", a political group that supported socialist-nationalist ideas and devoted themselves intensively to literature. Alejandro Gómez Arias, who later becomes Frida's boyfriend, is the leader of the group.
Frida changes the spelling of her name from the German "Frieda" to "Frida" and proudly claims to have been born in 1910, the year the Mexican Revolution began. [Actucally she changed her birth date simply to make herself younger. This causes confusion in the chronology of her life and art.]
On November 30th, Frida's poem "Recuerdo [Memory]" is published by "El Universal Ilustrado".
1923
Frida and Alejandro become romantically involved.
1924
Frida begins helping her father in his photography studio. He teaches her how to use a camera and how to develop, retouch and color photographs. This experience will prove to be useful in the years to come.
1925
Frida is hired as a paid apprentice to the commercial printmaker Fernando Fernandez, a close friend of her father's. Fernando teaches her how to draw and how to copy prints by the Swedish Impressionist Anders Zorn.
On September 17, Frida and her boyfriend, Alejandro Gomez Arias, get onto a bus to head home from school. Shortly afterwards, the bus is stuck broadside by a tram. Frida sustains multiple injuries, a broken pelvic bone, spinal column, and other severe injuries, leading doctors to doubt whether she would survive. She spends the next several months in bed recovering from the accident.
1926
While in recovery, Frida learns that she will never be able to have children. She creates a birth certificate for an imaginary son that she gave birth to after suffering her accident. She writes that her son, "Leonardo", was born in September of 1925 at the Red Cross Hospital [where Frida was treated after the accident]. She claims that he was baptized the following year and that his mother was Frida Kahlo and his Godparents were Isabel Campos and Alejandro Gómez Arias. (View birth certificate)
During her months of convalescence from the bus accident she begins to take painting seriously. She experiments first with watercolors and then oil.
In September Frida paints "Self-Portrait in a Velvet Dress", her first serious work and the first of many self-portraits to come. She paints it as a gift for her boyfriend, Alejandro Gómez Arias, who has left her suspecting she had been unfaithful prior to the accident. Frida hopes the painting will win him back.
1927
In March, Alejandro departs for an extended tour of Europe. Frida and Alejandro communicate frequently by letter.
By the end of the year, Frida's health has recovered to the extent that she is once more living a largely "normal" life. She resumes contact with her old school friends and joins the Young Communist League.
Frida paints several portraits of friends and family.
1928
Frida is introduced to a group of young people centered around the Cuban Communist Julio Antonio Mella, who is currently in exile in Mexico. One of the group members is the photographer Tina Modotti, Mella's lover and an acquaintance of Diego Rivera.
Through Modotti Frida meets Diego Rivera and she later shows him some of her paintings. She asks him what he thinks of her art and whether he considers her talented. Diego tells her: "you have talent" and strengthens her resolve to pursue a career as an artist. Diego begins to court Frida.
Frida's romantic relationship with Alejandro ends. She immediately turns her attention towards Diego Rivera.
Diego incorporates a portrait of Frida into his "Ballad of the Revolution" mural in the Ministry of Public Education. She appears in a panel he calls "Frida Kahlo Distributes the Arms". Dressed in a black skirt and red shirt, and wearing a red star on her breast, she is shown as a member of the Mexican Communist Party, which she in fact joins in 1928.
1929
On August 21, in a civil ceremony in the town hall of Coyoacán, Kahlo becomes Rivera's third wife. Diego was 42 years old, 6'1" tall, and 300 pounds; Frida was 22, 5'3" tall and only 98 pounds. Frida's mother does not approve of the union saying that Diego is too old and too fat and worse yet he is a Communist and an atheist. Frida's father is less resistant to the marriage. He understands that Diego has the financial means to provide for his daughter's medical needs. Frida's friends are shocked by her choice while others see it as a way for Frida to advance her own career as an artist.
Frida becomes pregnant but has to terminate the pregnancy after three months.
Rivera is expelled from the Communist Party after accepting a commission from the Mexican government. As a result of Diego's expulsion, Frida also leaves the Communist Party.
In December, the Rivera's move to Cuernavaca, where Rivera has a commission to paint murals for the American ambassador, Dwight W. Morrow, at the Palace of Cortes.
Frida paints her second self-portrait, "Time Flies", in which she establishes the "folkloric" style that becomes her signature trademark style.
1930
In the beginning of the year, Frida undergoes an abortion because the fetus is incorrectly positioned due to her fractured pelvis. [Diego did not want children partly because painting commissions obliged them to travel a great deal.]
On November 10th, Frida and Diego arrive in San Francisco where Diego has been commissioned to paint murals in the Luncheon Club of the San Francisco Stock Exchange and the California School of Fine Arts [now the San Francisco Art Institute].
Frida meets photographers Imogen Cunningham, Ansel Adams and Edward Weston; art patron Albert Bender, sculptor Ralph Stackpole, and the painter Arnold Blanch and his wife Lucile.
While Diego paints his murals, Frida paints "Frieda and Diego Rivera", a double portrait based on a wedding photograph.
1931
From November 1930 to June 1931, the Rivera's live in San Francisco while Diego works on a mural. During this period, the pain and deformity in Frida's right leg worsens and she is hospitalized. There she meets Dr. Leo Eloesser, a well-known bone surgeon. Dr. Eloesser has been a friend of Diego's since 1926. He becomes Frida's most trusted medical advisor for the rest of her life.
Frida's painting "Frieda and Diego Rivera" is shown at the "Sixth Annual Exhibition of the San Francisco Society of Women Artists" - the first public showing of her work.
In May Frida returns to Mexico leaving Diego behind to finish the murals. He returns June 8th as they had originally planned.
Back in Mexico, Frida meets the Hungarian born photographer Nickolas Muray who is vacationing in Mexico. They engage in a secret "on-again/off-again" love affair that would last for nearly 10 years.
In November, Kahlo and Rivera sail to New York for Diego's retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art on December 22.
1932
In March, the Rivera's move to Philadelphia. In April the couple move to Detroit where Rivera has been awarded another commission from the Ford Motor Company to paint a mural at the Detroit Institute of Arts.
On July 4th , Frida's second pregnancy ends in miscarriage at Henry Ford Hospital. She spends the next 13 days recovering in the hospital.
In early September, Frida and Lucienne Bloch travel back to Mexico, where Frida's mother is ill. On September 15, Frida's mother dies at the age of 56. She suffered from breast cancer and two days earlier had undergone gall-bladder surgery to remove 160 gallstones. Kahlo and Bloch return to Detroit in October.
Architect Juan O'Gorman starts construction on the Rivera's new home in the San Angel district of Mexico City.
1933
In March, the couple returns to New York where Rivera agrees to paint a mural in the RCA Building in Rockefeller Center.
On May 9th, Rivera's Rockefeller Center commission is rescinded because of his use of Lenin's portrait in the mural. Rivera refuses to remove Lenin's portrait and the mural is destroyed. Four days later, General Motors cancels Rivera's Chicago World's Fair commission.
In June, Rivera accepts a mural commission for the New Worker's School in New York.
On December 20, Frida and Diego return to Mexico. Upon their return they move into the double studio-houses in San Angel designed for them by Juan O'Gorman.
1934
Due to "infantilism of the ovaries", Frida's third pregnancy is again in trouble. Frida undergoes an appendectomy, an abortion, and an operation on her right foot to remove the ends of her toes.
Kahlo and Rivera live in the adjoining studio-houses in San Angel. During the summer, the couple separate after Frida discovers that Diego is having an affair with her younger sister Cristina.
1935
Frida leaves the house in San Angel for several months and takes her own apartment in central Mexico City (Avenida Insurgentes 432). In July, she travels to New York with Anita Brenner and Mary Schapiro. By the end of the year she returns to the house in San Angel and she and Diego reconcile. They agree to live separate independent lives.
Frida meets the Japanese/American sculptor Isamu Noguchi and has an affair with him.
1936
Frida has a third operation on her right foot.
In July, the Spanish Civil War breaks out. Frida and Diego work on behalf of the Spanish Republicans, raising money for Mexicans fighting against Franco's forces. In September, Rivera joins the Mexican section of the Trotskyite International Communist League.
For the next two years, Diego is plagued with eye, liver and kidney problems, which require hospitalization and extended bed rest.
1937
On January 9th, Leon Trotsky and his wife, Natalia Sedova, arrive in Mexico, where he has been granted political asylum, largely through Rivera's intervention. Frida gives them the use of the Blue House in Coyoacán. Shortly after their arrival, Frida and Trotsky become close and engage in a secret relationship. The affair ends in July.
On September 23rd, four of Frida's paintings are included in a group exhibition at the Galeria de Arte at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The first public showing of Frida's work in Mexico.
1938
In April, French poet and surrealist André Breton and his wife, the painter Jacqueline Lamba, visit Mexico in order to meet Trotsky. They stay with Guadalupe Marin, Diego Rivera's previous wife, and meet the Kahlo-Riveras. When Breton sees Kahlo's unfinished "What the Water Gave Me", the metaphorical self-portrait of what life had given her - floating on the water of her bathtub - he immediately labels her an innate "surrealist", and offers to show her work in Paris.
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